A revision of the “spiny solanums” of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)

The Leptostemonum Clade, or the “spiny solanums”, is the most species-rich monophyletic clade of the large cosmopolitan genus Solanum (Solanaceae) and represents almost half the species diversity of the genus. Species diversity in the clade is highest in the Americas, but significant clusters of endemic taxa occur in the Eastern Hemisphere. We present here a taxonomic revision of the 51 species of spiny solanums occurring in tropical Asia (excluding the island of New Guinea, and the lowlands of Nepal and Bhutan). Three species are described as new: Solanum kachinense X.Aubriot & S.Knapp, sp. nov. from northern Myanmar, S. peikuoense S.S.Ying, sp. nov. from Taiwan, and S. sulawesi X.Aubriot & S.Knapp, sp. nov. from northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Of the spiny solanums occurring in the region, 38 are native and 13 are introduced from the Americas or Africa, either as adventive weeds or as cultivated plants. Phylogenetic resolution amongst these taxa is still a work in progress, so we have chosen to treat these taxa in a geographical context to aid with identification and further taxon discovery. For the native species we provide complete nomenclatural details for all recognised species and their synonyms, complete descriptions, distributions including maps, common names and uses, and preliminary conservation assessments. For the introduced taxa that have been treated in detail elsewhere we provide details of types, synonyms based on tropical Asian material, general distributions, and common names for the region. We provide lecto- or neotypifications for 67 names; 63 for native and 4 for introduced taxa. All taxa are discussed and compared to similar species; keys are provided for all taxa. We illustrate all native species with herbarium and field photographs and introduced species with field photographs only. All specimens examined for this treatment are included in Suppl. materials 1–3 as searchable files.

A revision of the “spiny solanums” of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)

Solanum macrocarpon L., Plants of the World Online

Solanum furcatum Dunal A Habit B Flowering branch C Infrutescence with

Solanum forskaolii Dunal, Plants of the World Online

A revision of the “spiny solanums” of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)

PDF] Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the spiny solanums (Solanum subg. Leptostemonum)

Representative flowers of Solanum species mentioned in the text. A. S.

Figure 3 from Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands

Frontiers 5S Ribosomal DNA of Genus Solanum: Molecular Organization, Evolution, and Taxonomy

Tropical Asian species show that the Old World clade of 'spiny solanums' ( Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic - Aubriot - 2016 - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society - Wiley Online Library

Solanum caumii (F.Br.) D.McClelland (holotype of S. nelsonii var.

PDF) African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum , Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle