Coin toss influences penalty shootout

In the knockout phase of the European Championship, some matches were decided in a penalty shoot-out. There has been much discussion about whether the sequence in which the teams take their penalties has an influence on the outcome of the match. A new study has now tried answering this question. As Matthias Sutter from the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Collective Goods in Bonn together with three colleagues from Düsseldorf found out, it is not the sequence, but the result of the coin toss before the penalty shootout, that matters.

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PREGAME COIN FLIP: Direction and possession of the ball is decided by a coin flip prior to kickoff. Whoever wins the coin tos…