Apnea Testing During Brain Death Assessment: A Review of Clinical Practice and Published Literature
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 24 abril 2025

The diagnosis of brain death is a complex process. Strong knowledge of neurophysiology and an understanding of brain death etiology must be used to confidently determine brain death. The key findings in brain death are unresponsiveness, and absence of brainstem reflexes in the setting of a devastating neurological injury. These findings are coupled with a series of confirmatory tests, and the diagnosis of brain death is established based on consensus recommendations. The drive to breathe in the setting of an intense ventilatory stimulus (ie, respiratory acidosis) is a critical marker of brainstem function. As a consequence, apnea testing is an important component of brain death assessment. This procedure requires close monitoring of a patient as all ventilator support is temporarily removed and Paco2 levels are allowed to rise. A “positive” test is defined by a total absence of respiratory efforts under these conditions. While apnea testing is not new, it still lacks consensus standardization regarding the actual procedure, monitored parameters, and evidence-based safety measures that may be used to prevent complications. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of apnea testing and discuss issues related to the administration and safety of the procedure.

Determination of Brain Death

PDF] Why Should We See Brain Death as Socially Situated?

Apnea Testing During Brain Death Assessment: A Review of Clinical Practice and Published Literature

Frontiers What happens in the brain when we die? Deciphering the neurophysiology of the final moments in life

Brain death: a clinical overview, Journal of Intensive Care

Brain Death - EMCrit Project
Brain Death - EMCrit Project

Confirmation of brain death using optical methods based on tracking of an optical contrast agent: assessment of diagnostic feasibility

PDF] Why Should We See Brain Death as Socially Situated?
Full article: Requiring Consent for Brain-Death Testing: A Perilous Proposal

PDF] Apnea Testing During Brain Death Assessment: A Review of Clinical Practice and Published Literature

New perspectives on brain death Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
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