Global Volcanism Program

Home Reef, a submarine volcano midway between Metis Shoal and Late Island in the central Tonga islands, was first reported active in the mid-19th century, when an ephemeral island formed. An eruption in 1984 produced a 12-km-high eruption plume, large amounts of floating pumice, and an ephemeral 500 x 1,500 m island, with cliffs 30-50 m high that enclosed a water-filled crater. In 2006 an island-forming eruption produced widespread dacitic pumice rafts that drifted as far as Australia. Another island was built during a September-October 2022 eruption.

Global Volcanism Program

Eruptions, Earthquakes, & Emissions: Visualizing the Planet's

Global Volcanism Program: Worldwide Holocene Volcano and Eruption

Global Volcanism Program

Map of active volcanoes of the Earth and plate tectonic boundaries

Global Volcanism Program Kilauea, Global, Pyroclastic flow

Global Volcanism Program

Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program - ClimaHealth

Global Volcanism Program - The Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic