How did Google's AlphaZero beat the world's best chess computer?

Google’s AlphaZero, after just four hours of training, last week trounced the highest rated chess engine in the world, Stockfish. How did it do this? 

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AlphaZero on Carlsen-Caruana Games 1-8

TLDR: When AlphaZero played Stockfish it had a 31x hardware

Google AlphaZero Beats The Best Chess-Playing Software Program

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One Giant Step for a Chess-Playing Machine - The New York Times

Google's AI teaches itself chess in 4 hours, then convincingly