IJMS, Free Full-Text
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 30 março 2025

Endogenous and exogenous neurotoxins are important factors leading to neurodegenerative diseases. In the 1980s, the discovery that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) contributes to Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms led to new research investigations on neurotoxins. An abnormal metabolism of endogenous substances, such as condensation of bioamines with endogenous aldehydes, dopamine (DA) oxidation, and kynurenine pathway, can produce endogenous neurotoxins. Neurotoxins may damage the nervous system by inhibiting mitochondrial activity, increasing oxidative stress, increasing neuroinflammation, and up-regulating proteins related to cell death. This paper reviews the biological synthesis of various known endogenous neurotoxins and their toxic mechanisms.

IJMS, Free Full-Text

IJMS, Free Full-Text

IJMS, Free Full-Text
ISSN 1422-0067 (Online), International journal of molecular sciences

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IJMS, Free Full-Text

IJMS Free Full Text A High Molecular Mass 26650

IJMS, Free Full-Text
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