Morphological and Syntactical Variation and Change in Catalan
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 23 março 2025

Catalan is a Romance language closely related to Gallo-Romance languages. However, contact with Spanish since the 15th century has led it to adopt various linguistic features that are closer to those seen in Ibero-Romance languages. Catalan exhibits five broad dialects: Central, Northern, and Balearic, which pertain to the Eastern dialect block, and Northwestern and Valencian, which make up the Western. This article deals with the most salient morphosyntactic properties of Catalan and covers diachronic and diatopic variations. It also offers information about diastratic or sociolinguistic variations, namely standard and non-standard variations. Among the most characteristic morphosyntactic features are the following: 1. Catalan is the only Romance language that exhibits a periphrastic past tense expressed by means of the verb anar ‘go’ + infinitive (Ahir vas cantar ‘Yesterday you sang’). This periphrastic past coexists with a simple past (Ahir cantares ‘Yesterday you sang’). However, Catalan does not have a periphrastic future built with the movement verb go.2. Demonstratives show a two-term system in most Catalan dialects: aquí ‘here’ (proximal) and allà or allí ‘there’ (distal); but in Valencian and some Northwestern dialects, there is a three-term system. In contrast with other languages that have a two-term system, Catalan uses the proximal demonstrative to express proximity either to the speaker or to the addressee (Aquí on jo soc ‘Here where I am’, Aquí on tu ets ‘There where you are’).3. Catalan has a complex system of clitic pronouns (or weak object pronouns) which may vary in form according to the point of contact with the verb, proclitically or enclitically; e.g., the singular masculine accusative clitic can have two syllabic forms (el and lo) and an asyllabic one (l’ or ‘l): El saludo ‘I am greeting him’, Puc saludar-lo ‘I can greet him’, L’havies saludat ‘You had greeted him’, Saluda’l ‘Greet him’.4. Existential constructions may contain the predicate haver-hi ‘there be’, consisting of the locative clitic hi and the verb haver ‘have’ (Hi ha tres estudiants ‘There are three students’) and the copulative verb ser ‘be’ (Tres estudiants ja són aquí ‘Three students are already here’) or other verbs whose behavior can be close to an unaccusative verb when preceded by the clitic hi (Aquí hi treballen forners ‘There are some bakers working here’).5. The negative polarity adverb no ‘not’ may be reinforced by the adverbs pas or cap in some dialects and can co-occur with negative polarity items (ningú ‘anybody/nobody’, res ‘anything/nothing’, mai ‘never’, etc.). Negative polarity items exhibit negative agreement (No hi ha mai ningú ‘Nobody is ever here’), but they may express positive meaning in some non-declarative syntactic contexts (Si mai vens, truca’m ‘If you ever come, call me’).6. Other distinguishing items are the interrogative and confirmative particles, the pronominal forms of address, and the personal articles.

Morphological and Syntactical Variation and Change in Catalan

The SenSem Corpus: an annotated corpus for Spanish and Catalan with information about aspectuality, modality, polarity and factuality – topic of research paper in Languages and literature. Download scholarly article PDF and

Topicalizations, left dislocations and the left-periphery

Parametric Variation (Chapter 21) - The Cambridge Handbook of Romance Linguistics

Globalising the study of language variation and change: A manifesto on cross‐cultural sociolinguistics - Adli - 2022 - Language and Linguistics Compass - Wiley Online Library
3. Spelling
Is Catalan or Portuguese more similar to Spanish? - Quora

PDF] Metonymization as a key mechanism in semantic change
Solved] Please provide answer. 15. i. In Hebrew, the following pattern is

Complex Word-Formation and the Morphology-Syntax Interface

Languages, Free Full-Text
Recomendado para você
-
Catalan Language, History and Essential Catalan Phrases23 março 2025
-
Catalan independence push puts Spanish border town on edge23 março 2025
-
Spain's Catalonia celebrates national day amid negotiations – DW – 09/11/202323 março 2025
-
Catalan cream: the traditional Spanish recipe23 março 2025
-
Catalan Vocabulary - Greetings in Catalan23 março 2025
-
Complete Catalan Beginner to Intermediate Course: Learn to read, write, speak and understand a new language (Teach Yourself Complete Courses)23 março 2025
-
After amnesty deal, Catalan separatists must rekindle momentum at home23 março 2025
-
A delicious trip around Catalonia in 25 dishes23 março 2025
-
Catalan: a language that has survived against the odds, Catalonia23 março 2025
-
Catalan separatist movement in Spain at 'stalemate' 5 years after independence vote - ABC News23 março 2025
você pode gostar
-
Fire Force O Coração de Um Bombeiro - Assista na Crunchyroll23 março 2025
-
Jett Reyna Red Black Background 4K HD Valorant Wallpapers23 março 2025
-
Desenhos de Super Heróis para Imprimir e Colorir23 março 2025
-
More ARK Survival Ascended Creatures and Dinosaurs - Deinosuchus23 março 2025
-
Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor PS4 Pro Update Offers Native 4K23 março 2025
-
Over Glam - Pet Fashion – OVERGLAM LONDON23 março 2025
-
Maria - The Last of Us Season 1 Episode 6 - TV Fanatic23 março 2025
-
Isekai Nonbiri Nouka (Farming Life in Another World)23 março 2025
-
Demon Slayer Season 3 Episode 2: Here are release date, how to23 março 2025
-
meu jogo gratuito de simulador de ensino médio de anime - jogos23 março 2025