The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities

One of the most polemic aspects of the game, penalty kicks are dreaded by fans and derided by casuals, but just what does the science say?

How goalkeepers can use an illusion to save penalty kicks, Neuroscience

The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities of penalty kicks - AS USA

The psychology of the penalty shootout: Mentally preparing to score, or save, a game-defining goal - ESPN

A comparison of penalty shootout designs in soccer

The psychology behind penalty kicks and reaction time in the World Cup - The Washington Post

World Cup penalty kicks and the psychology behind the shootout - Sports Illustrated

The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities of penalty kicks - AS USA

Full article: Fairness in penalty shootouts: Is it worth using dynamic sequences?

The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities of penalty kicks - AS USA

PDF) Analysis of penalties taken in shoot-outs

Winning Penalty Shootouts With Sport Psychology, by Dave Kearney

World Cup penalty kicks and the psychology behind the shootout - Sports Illustrated

The psychology behind penalty kicks and reaction time in the World Cup - The Washington Post