The role played by alternative splicing in antigenic variability in human endo-parasites, Parasites & Vectors

Endo-parasites that affect humans include Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, which remains one of the leading causes of death in human beings. Despite decades of research, vaccines to this and other endo-parasites remain elusive. This is in part due to the hyper-variability of the parasites surface proteins. Generally these surface proteins are encoded by a large family of genes, with only one being dominantly expressed at certain life stages. Another layer of complexity can be introduced through the alternative splicing of these surface proteins. The resulting isoforms may differ from each other with regard to cell localisation, substrate affinities and functions. They may even differ in structure to the extent that they are no longer recognised by the host’s immune system. In many cases this leads to changes in the N terminus of these proteins. The geographical localisation of endo-parasitic infections around the tropics and the highest incidences of HIV-1 infection in the same areas, adds a further layer of complexity as parasitic infections affect the host immune system resulting in higher HIV infection rates, faster disease progression, and an increase in the severity of infections and complications in HIV diagnosis. This review discusses some examples of parasite surface proteins that are alternatively spliced in trypanosomes, Plasmodium and the parasitic worm Schistosoma as well as what role alternate splicing may play in the interaction between HIV and these endo-parasites.

Defining the genetic and evolutionary architecture of alternative splicing in response to infection

RNA 2012 - RNA Society

Trans-splicing in trypanosomes: machinery and its impact on the parasite transcriptome

PDF) The role played by alternative splicing in antigenic variability in human endo-parasites

Frontiers Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Extensive Alternative Splicing Events in the Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis

Transcriptome analysis of alternative splicing in the pathogen life cycle in human foreskin fibroblasts infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

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A new family of cell surface located purine transporters in Microsporidia and related fungal endoparasites

Biomolecules, Free Full-Text

Comparative transcriptome profiles of Schistosoma japonicum larval stages: Implications for parasite biology and host invasion

Aptamers as a promising approach for the control of parasitic diseases

Targeting the RNA G-Quadruplex and Protein Interactome for Antiviral Therapy

Aptamers as a promising approach for the control of parasitic diseases

IJMS, Free Full-Text

Recombinant Human IFN-gamma Protein (285-IF): Novus Biologicals