Assessment of neuroendocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury.

A screening protocol adapted for selected patients at risk for endocrine problems is described, and physicians should be aware of the importance of neuroendocrine dysfunction following TBI. Posttraumatic neuroendocrine pathology may be a clinically significant complication following traumatic brain injury TBI. Metabolic abnormalities are described after TBI in two cases. A 21 year old male injured in a motor vehicle accident admitted in a minimally responsive condition presented with fluctuating high sodium levels, undetectable serum testosterone, and depressed cortisol and thyroid function. Imaging revealed near complete avulsion of the pituitary stalk leading to panhypopituitarism. A 38 year old male admitted for occipital skull fractures and brain contusions presented with hypona tremia and low serum testosterone. Both patients required hormonal replacement and correction of electrolyte abnormalities. A screening protocol adapted for selected patients at risk for endocrine problems is described. While neuroendocrine screening is not advocated in all TBI patients, physicians should be aware of the importance of neuroendocrine dysfunction following TBI.

Autonomic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: translational insights in: Neurosurgical Focus Volume 47 Issue 5 (2019) Journals

Frontiers Traumatic Brain Injury as Frequent Cause of Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Clocks & Sleep, Free Full-Text

Hormonal imbalances

Frontiers A Novel Histological Technique to Assess Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents: Comparisons to Neuroimaging and Neurological Outcomes

Diagnosing and Managing Carcinoid Heart Disease in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Expert Statement - ScienceDirect

Return to work after work-related traumatic brain injury.

Frontiers Clinical application of recommendations for neurobehavioral assessment in disorders of consciousness: an interdisciplinary approach

Brain Hypoxia Is Associated With Neuroglial Injury in Humans Post–Cardiac Arrest