Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba, BMC Ecology and Evolution

Background Before the arrival of Europeans to Cuba, the island was inhabited by two Native American groups, the Tainos and the Ciboneys. Most of the present archaeological, linguistic and ancient DNA evidence indicates a South American origin for these populations. In colonial times, Cuban Native American people were replaced by European settlers and slaves from Africa. It is still unknown however, to what extent their genetic pool intermingled with and was 'diluted' by the arrival of newcomers. In order to investigate the demographic processes that gave rise to the current Cuban population, we analyzed the hypervariable region I (HVS-I) and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding region in 245 individuals, and 40 Y-chromosome SNPs in 132 male individuals. Results The Native American contribution to present-day Cubans accounted for 33% of the maternal lineages, whereas Africa and Eurasia contributed 45% and 22% of the lineages, respectively. This Native American substrate in Cuba cannot be traced back to a single origin within the American continent, as previously suggested by ancient DNA analyses. Strikingly, no Native American lineages were found for the Y-chromosome, for which the Eurasian and African contributions were around 80% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion While the ancestral Native American substrate is still appreciable in the maternal lineages, the extensive process of population admixture in Cuba has left no trace of the paternal Native American lineages, mirroring the strong sexual bias in the admixture processes taking place during colonial times.

Genetic diversity in Puerto Rico and its implications for the peopling of the Island and the West Indies - Vilar - 2014 - American Journal of Physical Anthropology - Wiley Online Library

Origins and genetic legacies of the Caribbean Taino

Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture among Hispanic/Latino populations

Ancient DNA reconstructs the genetic legacies of pre-contact Puerto Rico communities

A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean

PDF) Colloquium paper: genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture among Hispanic/Latino populations

Maternal admixture and population structure in Mexican–Mestizos based on mtDNA haplogroups - Martínez‐Cortés - 2013 - American Journal of Physical Anthropology - Wiley Online Library

Interdisciplinary approach to the demography of Jamaica, BMC Ecology and Evolution

Maternal and paternal ancestry proportions in admixed South American

Genetic diversity in Puerto Rico and its implications for the peopling of the Island and the West Indies - Vilar - 2014 - American Journal of Physical Anthropology - Wiley Online Library

Paternal heritage in Jujuy province (Northwest Argentina): Evidence for sex‐biased gene flow and genetic drift effects - Alfonso‐Sánchez - 2019 - American Journal of Human Biology - Wiley Online Library

PDF] Multiple Ethnic Origins of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages for the Population of Mauritius

A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean

Genetic diversity in Puerto Rico and its implications for the peopling of the Island and the West Indies - Vilar - 2014 - American Journal of Physical Anthropology - Wiley Online Library