Why the penalty shoot-out was introduced and how it has changed

Tracing the history and development of the penalty kick and penalty shootout.

Penalty Kicks and Penalty Shoot Outs In Football, History, Rules, Incidents and Variations

The IFAB on X: Before the start of penalties (penalty shoot-out)*, the #referee tosses a coin to decide the goal at which the kicks will be taken. May the goal be changed

FIFA realizes how messed up new rule was, makes penalty shootout change during World Cup – New York Daily News

The psychology of the penalty shootout: why movement is key and hesitation can be fatal, Manchester City

Tiebreaking in Football – an alternative approach from chess – ChessPlus

How the U.S. Was Eliminated From the Women's World Cup, Shot by Shot - The New York Times

Ghana moves to change disappointing penalty shoot-out narrative at major international competitions

US loses to Sweden on penalty kicks in its earliest Women's World Cup exit ever

The tricky physics of taking the perfect World Cup penalty

Bigger bonuses could change lives for tiny teams that advance in Women's World Cup

FIFA makes penalty shootout rule change during Women's World Cup